pedder



( o Model.)

J. PEDDER.

MANUFAGTURE OP PLATES HAVING STRATA OF DIFFERENT METAL. No. 350,152. Patented Oct. 5, 1886.

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NITE STATES ATENT tries.

JOHN PEDDER, OF PIT'ISBURG, IICPNSYLVANIA.

MANUFACTURE OF PLATES HAVING STRATA OF DIFFERENT METAL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No 350,152, dated October 5, 1886,

Applieati n tiled September I2, lSP-l. Serial No. Hill; .0. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be itknown that l, JouN Pe'npnn, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in li'fanufaeture of Plates having Different Strata of Metal; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to the manufacture of plates being employed in the manufacture of safes, the hard layers to resist boring or cutting tools and the soft layers to resist shocks or blows in breaking into the safe. These plates are formed from. ingots or packs, the most approved method of making them from ingots being described in Letters Patent No. 800,73 granted to me. June 17, 1S8l,in which the ingot of combined iron and steel, or of steels of different carbons, is cast in a manner to expose the side edges of the plates inserted in the mold, and the ingot so formed is reduced to plate by flat rolling and edge rolling, and the packs being heated and welded together and subsequently rolled. to plate. In casting these ingots in the molds, on account of the warping of the molds and inequalities in the rolled edges of the plates inserted, it is very difficult to prevent the molten steel from running over the side edges of the plates inserted, and in some cases extending entirely across said side edges, and the steel so overlapping the side edges of these plates ehills between the plate and the mold, so that in the subsequent rolling of the ingot it does not unite firmly therewith, and. in addition to forming irregular edges, breaks off on slight pressure,leavingde pressions in the edges. It is also found that where the plates inserted fit against the side walls of the ingot-mold the molten steel is liable to be chilled by the mold and plate along the edges of the plate, this chill extending into the ingot about one-sixteenth of an inch,

and in some cases, in the subsequent reduction of the ingot to plate, causing an imperfeet union along the edges of the severalstrata of the plate. from packs, on account of the difference in ductility of the several plates, it is found al most impossible to weld the packs without causing the overlapping of one layer over another along the side edges of the pack, and in the plate produced by the subsequent rolling the side edges of the several strata are irregir lar and uneven.

The object of my invention is to overeome these difficulties in the niannliicture of these plates.

It consists, essentially, as a step in the art of making these plates, in removing from the ingot or paek the metal overlapping the side edges of the several layers or s rata, so as to expose even edges for the subsequent redue tion by rolling of the ingot or park to plate.

It also consists in removing from the ingot the chill formed along the side edges of the strata, so as to expose clean nnhardened metal, to unite on the subsequent reduction by red ing of the ingot to plate.

lt also consists in certain other improvements, as hereinafter specifically set forth.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention, 1' will describe. the same more fully, referring to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figures 1. and 2 are views of ingots as cast, and Fig. i is a view of a pack as welded, illustrating the manner in whieh the side edges of the several layers overlap. Fig. t is a perspective view ol'a planer, illnstratingtheplaning of an ingot. Fig. 5 is an end view of a pack, illustrating the planing of the parts overlapping the edges. Fig. (5 illustrates the grinding offof the parts overlappingthe edges. Fig. 7 illustrates the eutting or fusing of the parts overlapping the edges. Figs. Sand 9 illustrate means for eutting or sawing off a portion of the metal cast around the center plate to expose said plate.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each.

The ingots shown in Figs. 1. and 2 are formed b vinserting into the ingot-mold a plate or plates, u, and casting the molten steel b around \Vhere the plates are formed the plate or plates, the plate shown in Fig. 1 having tapering side edges, as described in application for Letters Patent filed by me February 11, 1884, Serial No. 120, 349, and the molds illustrated in said application being preferably employed in casting the ingots.

To secure the plate or plates within the steel and prevent the parting of the ingot when fed to the rolls, the moltensteel is cast around the ends of the plate or plates, as shown at 0,,the metal of the outer strata, in thus extending around the ends of the inner stratum or strata, binding the ingot firmly together, While it al lows the side edges of all the strata to be exposed to view and substantially even.

On account of the high heat of the molten 1 steel the ingot-molds are liable to warp Out f shape, and as the plates inserted are rolled to shape and are not absolutely true, there are sometimes small spacesleft between the molds and the side edges of the plates, and the molt en steel flows into these spaces and is chilled by the mold and plate, the steel thus lapping over the side edges of the plates inserted, as at d. It is also found that the molten steel close to the ingot and the side edges of the plates inserted is sometimes chilled to the depth of about one-sixteenth of an inch along the edges of the plate, and this chilled portion prevents a perfect union of the edges of the rolled plate. The packs formed of layers of metals of different carbons are generally united by beating them and compressing them under a hammer or press, and on account of the difference in ductility of the several plates at a high heat, because of the difference in carbon, the metal of some of the plates passes over the edges of adjoining plates, as shown at d, Fig. 3. The overlapping metal and the chill along the edges of the strata may be removed by planing, grinding, cutting, or fusing off by means of a circular saw or any other suitable means. \Vhere the overlapping metal, 820., is planed off, the ingot is placed on the planer O, and a portion of the metal along the adjoining edges of the layers or strata is planed off to the depth of about one-fourth inch, thus removing any metal overlapping and also the chilled portion of the edges where the strata meet, thus exposing even side edges of all the strata, so that when the ingot is reduced to plate the edges are distinct and even and a more perfect union formed between the several layers along the edge of the plate. WVhere the chill and partoverlapping are ground off, as in Fig. 6, the ingot or pack is placed on a reciprocating table,f, and carried under the revolving emerywheel 9, this wheel being supported in a suitable frame, 71. There a circular sawis employed, as in Fig. 7, the ingot or pack supported on a reciprocating table is carried in the direction of the line of strata under a rapid] y-revolving disk-saw, 7c, and as the saw passes along the line of junction of the strata it cuts or fuses off any metal overlapping, and at the same time, on account of the high heat generated, fuses the metal and removes the chill of the steel along the line of junction, so that in the subsequent reduction in the rolls the edges are properly united. Any metal extending over the strata may then be knocked off with a hammer. \Vhere the cast steel of the ingot surrounds the side edges of the plate inserted in the mold, as shown at Z, Figs. 8. and 9, I remove the portions overlapping by arevolving disk-saw or by planing. I prefer to east these overlapping portionsZ in longitudinal recesses in the mold, so that they extend beyond the body of the ingot, and these overlapping portions Z can then be sawed off to expose the side edges of the plate inserted, as illustrated in the drawings. I find that by forming a sufficiently thick body of cast steel around the side edges of the plate inserted the chilling along the side edges can be avoided. The ingots or packs, having the metal overlapping the side edges and the chilled portions along said edges removed, as above described, and the side edges of theseveral strata exposed evenly to view, can then be reheated and rolled to plate or bar by fiat and edge or side rolling, and as the edges edges, the edges of the finished plates will bev even, properly united, and free from imperfection.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. As a step in the art of making plates or bars from ingots having strata of different metals, removing from the ingot the metal overlapping the side edges of the several strata to expose even edges for the subsequent reduction of the ingot to plate or ,bar.

2. As a step in the art of making plates or bars from ingots having strata of different metals, removing from the ingot the chilled portion along the side edges of the several strata to prepare the edges of the strata for proper union 011 the subsequent reduction of the ingot to plate or bar.

, 3. Asa step in the art of making plates or bars from ingots having strata of different metals, fusing off the chilled portion along the side edges of the ingot. to prepare the strata for proper union on the subsequent reduction 

